The Catcher In The Rye Is A Story Of An Emotionally Disturebed Young S

The Catcher in the Rye is a story of an emotionally disturebed young sixteen year old boy named Holden Caulfield. Holden is telling this in first person, although the whole thing is all one big flashback. The story is one of a young boy trying to grow up in an Adult world. Holden, being the Idealist that he is, searched to find everything that needs to be changed, but never gives an alternative to the situation or thing. In the four total days that the story cover, Holden ends up getting himself from Pencey to New York where he and his sister meet. While with his sister, he sees the little girl in her, so inocent to the world around herm that he thinks is so depressing. He tries to shelter Phoebe from the world by not letting her do things that he is doning. So in a sence, Holden is himself, a hypocrite, by doing particular things and then turing around and telling her to do them. The story begins and end in the Mental Hospital or Resting Home as he called it. The story ends as Holden is talking to a doctor as if he were telling this whole story to the doctor. This is a symbolic ending to this story, because Holden always thought that he didn't need to share his depressing stories with other people. Also, he didn't like listening to other people tell him their depressing stories.

An Evaluation of Operations Strategy Essay Example

An Evaluation of Operations Strategy Essay Example An Evaluation of Operations Strategy Essay An Evaluation of Operations Strategy Essay What is operations strategy? 3 Operations3 Strategy5 Operations strategy6 The content of the operations strategy8 The process of the operations strategy9 Sustainable alignment9 Substitutes for strategy11 Implementation11 Conclusion13 Bibliography14 Introduction In a world, where humans do their best to survive, a never ending need for goods and services is always in people`s mind. In order to meet with these requirements, raw materials and processes should be organised and managed. In other words, `operations` is needed so that resources can be worked on to obtain products. Operations strategy has become a basic thing for organizations. In order to survive in the business world, strategies must be designed and the objectives of each operations should be indicated. Essential thing that every operations of organizations is produce either goods or services. Sometimes both goods and services should be produced in order to satisfy customers. Every organization regardless of their type has an operation function (Slack , N. and Lewis, M. , 2008). What is operations strategy? Operations Operations` can be described as the act of management of inputs such as resources and transformation of these inputs into outputs such as goods and services. During these procedures a strategy should be followed. By doing these sequences of actions, inputs (resources) transforms into outputs (goods and services) and this is called the `input-transformation-output` model of operations (Slack N. and Lewis M. , 2008). In figure 1. 1 an illustration, which is adapted from Meredith a nd Shafer (2010), of production scheme of operations is shown. In this system, three stages must take place in order to obtain outputs from inputs. These stages are, as in the order of its use, strategy, inputs and transformation process. During these, environmental factors have effects on the whole process. Therefore, a control mechanism should be applied on the whole process. Figure 1: The Production System (Meradith, Jack R. and Shafer, Scott M. , 2010) As it can be seen on the figure 1. 1, operations produce two types of outputs at the end of the process which are facilitating goods and services. Carmona and Sieh (2004) state that: `facilitating goods is the material bought or used by the costumer for example food items. Furthermore facilitating goods can be defined the things that provided by the costumers themselves such as medical history. ` On the other hand services considered as benefits. And these benefits may be either tangible or intangible; moreover, they can be escorted with facilitating goods (Meradith, Jack R. and Shafer, Scott M. , 2010). In the figure 1. 2 a visual is shown to demonstrate the differences between products and services (Meradith, Jack R. and Shafer, Scott M. , 2010). Figure 2: The relation between products and services (Meredith, J. R. , 2010) Strategy Although, strategy has a well-known meaning in the military the situation in the business world is not the same. In the business world there are, in fact, many answers to this questions since there is no an actual statement about what it really means. Out of many ideas about the meaning of strategy, Johnson et al. (2005) proposed the widely accepted definition of strategy which is ` Considering the long-term organizations, strategy is the path and choices of organization and through its pattern strategy must have the objective to help its organization to succeed in its markets. The path of a strategy should be planned in general. A strategy must concern about long-term aims and work on the big picture rather than details. While considering and planning the route of an organization, strategy consists of three features and these features have an interaction between them. These three elements are the organization`s objectives, its internal forces and its external forces. The interaction of these elements can be seen in figure 1. 3 which is adapted from (Meradith, Jack R. and Shafer, Scott M. , 2010). Figure 3: Strategy formulation (Meredith, J. R. , 2010) In an organization a strategy may be planned at three levels. As Barnes (2008) points out these levels are corporate level strategy, business level strategy and functional level strategy. Firstly, corporate level strategy deals with the long-term route of organization and its choices. When an organization deals with more than one division within itself, corporate level strategy should be designed to determine what those divisions should be and how resources should be shared between them (Barnes, D. , 2008). Second of the three levels is business level strategy. It mostly works on to find solutions such as how a specific division should compete with its opponents and also determines division`s aims and objective (Barnes, 2008). Lastly, functional level strategy works as the lowest level of strategy. Functional level strategy deals with specific functions such as marketing, manufacturing, finance, etc. It concerns about functions strategic aims and their way of using the resources (Barnes, 2008). Operations strategy Operations strategy is and should be interested in the total picture since that it the entire business. It also should be aware of what kind of changes is happening in its competitive environment. So that required actions can be planned for both present and future challenges. Moreover, there is a necessity of sustainability of operations. Therefore operations strategy must also concerned with the long-term objectives. Considering all of these, different explanations were made about what operations strategy is and what does it include. As Slack and Lewis (2008) points out, there are four important perspectives about operations strategy. These perspectives, as Slack and Lewis (2008) indicates, are; `the top-down perspective, the bottom-up perspective, the market requirements perspective and the operation resources perspective. The figure 1. 4, which is from Slack and Lewis (2008), illustrates these perspectives and their relations with each other in order to achieve a strategy. Figure 4: Four perspectives of operations strategy (Slack N. and Lewis M. , 2008) Creating operations strategy consists of decisions which were taken within the operations functions. Afterwards these decisions are taken, organization`s corporate strategy is affected from these decisions as well as its business strategy. To sum up the operations strategy, as Slack and Lewis (2008, p: 18) state, is; â€Å"Operations strategy is the total pattern of decision which shapes the long-term capabilities of any type of operation and their contribution to overall strategy, through the reconciliation of market requirements with operations resources. † (Slack N. and Lewis M. , 2008, p: 18) The content of the operations strategy Within the operations strategy, long-term objectives should be concerned and in order to design and improve its route strategic decisions should be made. These decisions are also important since they are the building blocks of an operations strategy (Slack , N. and Lewis, M. , 2008). The collection of these decisions is named `the content of operations strategy` by Slack and Lewis (2008). In addition, Barnes (2008) points out that these decisions are to be decided in specific and important areas. The mentioned areas concerned with the structure and infrastructure of operations (Barnes, 2008). The structural decisions areas, as they are indicated by Barnes (2008), are: ? Facilities: decisions about facilities should find solutions to questions like what the size of each facility will be and where these facilities should be located. The decisions also emphasise the product range of each facility and their target markets. ?Capacity: the question that how the facilities will be used is answered by the decisions which are taken in this area. Furthermore, due to these decisions, a specific facility of organization will be affected. Additionally its ability to serve in its market will be affected. ?Process technology: the equipment’s technological statuses which are used in operations processes are the main interest of these decisions. ?Supply network: decisions about supply network become important in order to decide which suppliers in which locations should be chosen. These decisions also help organizations to manage their relations with their suppliers (Barnes, 2008). The route of operations which is to last through organizations life is set by these structural decisions. Truly these decisions mostly cause large amounts of money to the organizations. Therefore they should be well thought strategically in order to avoid any unnecessary changes in the future. Issues that are concerned by infrastructure are (Barnes, 2008); ? Quality: In order to achieve quality, some decisions must be made for quality management policies. ?Performance measurement: Decisions about both financial and non-financial management. ?New product development: Decisions which are made in order to design and develop new products. Work organization: The structure and scheme of the organizations in operations. ?Human resources: The decisions about recruitment; training and management style. (Barnes, 2008) The process of the operations strategy The reconciliation which is essential between market requirements and operations resources of operations can be formulated and controlled by using the process of operations strategy. To put it another way the formulation of the process of operat ions strategy deals with the questions like in which way operations strategies should be designed and combined. Regardless of the type of organizations, reconciling operations resources with market requirements is the aim of the process of operations strategy (Slack , N. and Lewis, M. , 2008). Slack and Lewis (2008) indicates that the process of operations strategy can be formulated in three steps. First of all, the objectives of formulation should be studied and an alignment between market`s requests and operations capabilities to satisfy these requests must be achieved. Once an alignment is achieved decisions and plans should be made in order to keep it through operations life. In other words a sustainable alignment is needed. For the second part of the process, substitutes are to be used for the strategies. After achieving a sustainable alignment and improving it with substitutes the third part of the process takes place which is implementation (Slack , N. and Lewis, M. , 2008). Sustainable alignment Providing a sustainable alignment in operations strategy plays an important role to obtain a settlement between market requirements and operations resources. To make the word `alignment` clear, a figure is shown which is adapted from (Slack , N. nd Lewis, M. , 2008). Figure 5: Alignment of strategy (Slack , N. and Lewis, M. , 2008) On this figure, the vertical side of the axis system is to symbolize market requirements. A rise occurring on the scale means market capabilities is also rising along with it. On the other side, the horizontal scale of the system symbolizes operations resources and the processes capabilities. A few points, which are stated below (Slack and Lewis, 2008), can be considered within this factor: ? The consideration of operations success regarding its skills for the achievement of objectives. Operations skills to use its resources effectively. ?The firm’s resources power to support its business processes. With analysing this figure Slack and Lewis (2008) points out that `in order to obtain alignment, a well-designed balance is needed between required market performance and actual operation performance. As a visual proof for this balance, a diagonal line on the axis systems is shown. To sum up, it is stated that an alignment is the point where market requirements and operations resources unites. In order to create an alignment some organizations follow the path which is fitting resources to the requirements of the markets. Alongside this, some other organizations may do vice versa. They can evaluate their capabilities and then apply these into markets. Substitutes for strategy New approaches to operations have been made up and they have become more popular recently. Organizations may think well about these new approaches and there are few common reasons for that. Firstly, as it is pointed out by Slack and Lewis (2008), the new approaches are quite easy to understand and to apply which helps to avoid the complexity of modern operations. Secondly, most operations have tried one of the new approaches and they are likely to work. Furthermore, managers, who learned about these new methods either from a consultant or from a book, think that it might worth a shot since nothing else have helped them to achieve what they ask for. It is indicated by Slack and Lewis (2008) these approaches are: ? Total Quality Management ?Lean Operations ?Business Process Reengineering ?Enterprise Resource Planning ?Six Sigma It must be well-known that these approaches are not strategies and they are general within themselves. However, they are strategic decisions as it is stated by Slack and Nigel (2008). These methods can be part of a strategy and since all of them have different aims and path they should be fully understood before they are being used. Implementation In order to finish the process of operations strategy, a final step must be completed. This final step is the implementation of strategy and it is a quite important part of the process of operations strategy. After planning all the activities in order to create a strategy, the steps have to be organised so that everything goes as smooth as they are planned. This is called implementation. In a general way there are few key points to the formulation of strategy process. (Slack , N. and Lewis, M. , 2008) points out these key points and they are called five Ps. These are as follows: ? Purpose ?Point of entry ?Process ?Project management ?Participation Conclusion In conclusion, operations strategy is an essential thing for every organization. It focuses on the objectives of the operations. While concerning these long-term objectives strategies works on the total picture of the business and its competitive environment rather than details. A process which is called transformation process allows operations to produce goods and services. In order to decide the range of these products different perspectives are studied such as market requirements and operations resources. Through these perspectives a direction can be drawn for operations long-term objectives. Every detail of organizations such as their facilities, locations, capacities, suppliers, the quality of their products and services etc. comprise the content of the operations strategy. Once important decisions are taken strategies must be processed and in order to do this an alignment between operations market requirements and operations resources should be obtain. Afterwards different methods can be used to improve the strategy so that a sustainable alignment is achieved. However, for strategies to become real an implementation must take place otherwise all the decisions would not matter. Bibliography Barnes, D. (2008). Operations Management: An International Perspective. Royal Holloway University of London: Cengage Learning EMEA. Carmona, M. and Sieh, L. (2004). Measuring Quality in Planning: Managing the Performance Process. TaylorFrancis. Johnson, G. , Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2005). Exploring Corporate Strategy (7th ed. ). Harlow: Prentice Hall. Meradith, Jack R. and Shafer, Scott M. (2010). Operations Management for MBAs (4th ed. ). John Wiley Sons. Slack , N. and Lewis, M. (2008). Operations Strategy. Harlow: Financial Time Prentice Hall.

Why does ADHD impact on academic perfomance and what can be done to Essay

Why does ADHD impact on academic perfomance and what can be done to support ADHD children in the classroom - Essay Example th proper identification of factors comprising academic disadvantages, classroom based interventions could be designed to assist and support children diagnosed for ADHD. The strengths of the article come in terms of the authors’ ability to present the discourse in a clear, understandable and well-structured format that could be comprehended by the general audience. By defining terms, citing authoritative sources, and arriving at concise findings, readers from various academic backgrounds could appreciate the contents. The authors used clear language and words, where appropriate examples are provided for clarity and expounded explanations, as needed. On the other hand, the only weakness observed from the article was its lack of tables or illustrations that could summarize findings in a more concise and detailed manner. With the article being presented in literary form all throughout, readers would have tendencies lose focus and interest. Otherwise, the general evaluation is exemplary as the authors were able to achieve their identified objective of reviewing the relationship between ADHD and academic performance. More importantly, by providing â€Å"strategies that are directed towards remediating the academic impairment of individuals with ADHD† (Daley & Birchwood, 2010, p. 455), various practitioners are made aware of the interventions available to address concerns on children with ADHD. on academic performance and what can be done to support ADHD children in the classroom? Child: Care, Health and Development , Volume 36, Issue 4, 455-464. Retrieved 29 August 2011, from

Photorealism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Photorealism - Essay Example Through photorealism, the use of sketches as the primary means of gathering information has been replaced with photography, with the photograph being the subject of the painting. Through this process, photorealism complicates the notion of realism by mixing the together the real and the unreal, making their canvas painting of the image look exactly as if they were made from actual observation. The author takes note of how Eddy, got fascinated by the double layer of information offered by the features of window panes, that of being reflective and at the same time transparent. While it was apparent that any ordinary painter would eliminate the reflective property of the window as being insignificant or worse still confusing in the resulting painting, the author points that Eddy found the apparent confusion as the major intriguing factor, thus worth maintaining in the painting. The resulting artwork also exposes the ability of photography to capture the dizzying amount of information that can, later on, be analyzed for magnificent effects that in the words of the author, some sort of hallucinatory super realism. The author also explores another parallel development to photorealism typical of the works of Duane Hanson, a type of realism based on sculptors. Hanson’s photorealism substituted casting from a live model, thereby molding artworks directly on the body of an individual, as opposed to the substitution of photography for traditional sketching, characterized by modeling in clay, plaster or wax.

Point of view Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Point of view - Essay Example As the stewardess pushed the food cart along the narrow center-aisle, the plane’s rickety engineering made creaking noises and lead one to consider that it would be worth going without food to avoid the challenge that became distributing food among the passengers. When the food reached the passengers it was stale and hardly edible; it tasted like it had been stored for months and only recently brought out. Many passengers became sick and made their way towards the restroom. This created a commotion in the aircraft that left a pervasive feeling of unease and further annoyance among the passengers. A further cramped feeling occurred as the passengers had to push against the other passengers aside to make their way towards the restroom. This terrible plane ride continued before finally landing in the United Kingdom airport. Wonderful Airplane Ride Across the Atlantic Ocean When the passengers took their seats and reached towards the magazines in front of them they settled into wh at would become a wonderful airplane ride across the Atlantic Ocean. While the airplane wasn’t as large as traditional airliners it had a number of charming elements that made it more enjoyable than other flight methods. The plane had an intimate setting so that conversations carried throughout the flight.

Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Analysis

Don Giovanni by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart | Analysis Were transported to seventeenth century Spain for what has been called the greatest opera ever composed Don Giovanni! From the initial thundering chords of the breathtaking overture, this opera is filled with sexual heat, thrilling music and dramatic action. Indeed more action takes place in scene one of Don Giovanni, than that of most operas. Within the first fifteen minutes alone; a disgruntled servant, an attempted rape, a dual, a murder, a grieving daughter, and an oath of vengeance ensnare the audience! Our story properly begins in the early seventeenth century, when the character Don Juan made his stage debut in a three act play titled El burlador de Sevilla y convidado de piedra (The Trickster of Seville and the Stone Guest) the play was first performed in Madrid around 1624, but published in 1630. It appears under the name of a playwright named Tirso de Molina; however this was actually the pseudonym of a Roman Catholic monk named Gabriel Tà ©llez. It was most likely written to present the issue of morality in relation to Don Juans amorous excesses. In seventeenth century Italy, it was a favorite story of the commedia dellarte. Molià ¨re wrote a play on the subject in Paris in 1655. And rather go on decade be decade, well hop forward to 1787. A key year, not for Mozarts Don Giovanni, but for the first performance in the city of Venice of an opera called Don Giovanni Tenorio, o sia Il convitato di pietra (Don Giovanni and the Stone Guest) the composer of this 1787 version was Gi useppe Gazzaniga and the Libretto was by Giovanni Bertati. The next person Id like to introduce to this picture is Lorenzo da Ponte; the great court poet in Vienna. Mozart had known of Da Ponte for a while. Four years earlier in 1783, when Mozart was relatively new in Vienna, he writes home to his father from Vienna that hes after Da Ponte to write a libretto for him, but he is so busy writing original opera libretti for some composers and adapting pre-existing libretti for other composers, it would be actually more than two years before Mozart could pin down Da Ponte to work with him. When he did, Da Ponte provided him with the libretto for their first collaboration the Marriage of Figaro. It was composed between October of 1785 and April 1786 and was premiered in Vienna. It received success for a limited time, before other productions came to take its place. But as interest in Figaro waned in Vienna, there was another city that was crazy about the Marriage of Figaro and that city is Prague. (Which at that time, it was the second most impor tant musical centre in Europe) Mozart went to Prague in January of 1787; it marked the beginning of a passionate relationship between him and Prague. Among other things Mozart conducted a performance of Figaro at the Opera house during his stay. On the seventeenth of January he writes to his friend and student Baron Gottfried von Jacquin he says; I saw with the greatest pleasure all the people in the ballroom dancing with such delight to the music of my Figaro. For here in Prague nothing is talked of but Figaro, nothing is played sung or whistled but Figaro No opera is drawing like Figaro. Nothing, nothing but Figaro. Certainly a great honor for me! On foot of the success of Figaro, comes a commission of an opera for the following season (nine months time). That opera would be Don Giovanni, which was written to be premiered in Prague as part of the celebrations for the marriage of the Archduchess Maria Theresa (niece of the Emperor Joseph II) to Prince Anton Clemens of Saxony. Mozart was delighted to accept this new commission and, naturally asked Da Ponte to join him on the project. As it happened, Da Ponte was already heavily committed, working on two librettos Tarare (for Salieri) and Larbore di Diana (for Martin y Soler). But he too was greatly attracted by the occasion and he was strongly drawn to the subject matter (his friendship with Casanova, was now about to pay dividends) this is what Da Ponte himself says about his choice of subject for Mozart For Mozart I chose Don Giovanni a theme which appealed to me enormously. In working on Don Giovanni, I shall think of Dantes hell This is a wonderful image, the great Lorenzo da Ponte, court poet of Vienna, the great operatic librettist. You picture him sitting, inspired by, reflecting on, and plunging into the depths and the mysteries of Dante. The very simple fact is, he was probably thinking a lot more about the libretto that Bertati had written for Gazzaniga in Venice. Da Ponte knows about that libretto and its very clear that he draws very freely from it, hes not about to write something from scratch if he doesnt have to. But in fairness to Da Ponte everything he touches gets better, which in artistic circles is what you like to see happening he borrows and repays the debt with interest. So back to the chronicle of Don Giovanni and its main character; this is a particularly concise sketch of the quintessential Don Juan character; he is the epitome of the modern age, an expansive type who is determined to enjoy the world, Immeasurably self aware, defiant of all forms of authority and opposed to all higher order he is in effect a corporate C.E.O.! Beethoven although he greatly admired the music of this opera, he very famously stated the he could not bring himself to write an opera on a subject so immoral as either Figaro or Don Giovanni .However. this is not to say that Mozart shared Don Giovannis moral values. In a letter Mozart writes to his father shortly after he arrives in Vienna he says the voice of nature speaks as loud in me as it does in others, louder perhaps, but I simply cannot live as most men do these days, in the first place; I have too much religion, in the second place; too great a love of my neighbor and too high a feeling of honor to seduce an innocent girl and then in the third place; I have too much horror and disgust, too much dread and fear of diseases Mozart; an eighteenth century practitioner of safe sex.who knew? Now, taking a look at the opera, theres been a lot of critical discussion over the years. Musicologists and critics of all types have written extensively about Don Giovanni and one central issue that always seems to appear is the question Is it a tragic opera? (opera Seria) or is it a comic opera?(opera Buffa) and the simple fact is that what it really comes down to is that it is both! And the strength is that it can be both of them, the juxtaposition of the tragic and the comic heightens the effect of both. This said, its not simply the alternation between tragic and comic but the fact that Mozart is often able to have both facets displayed simultaneously. In this regard he has the ideal collaborator in the form of Lorenzo Da Ponte, because Da Ponte is often praised by his admirers for his ability to interweave the tragic and the comic elements. Its interesting to note that Mozart himself labeled this opera as a drama giocoso (Playful drama) which reflects what he understands the op era to be. To give an example of the juxtaposition between the tragic and the comic I first have to give you a sense of Mozarts gifts of characterization, because that is what a great opera composer has to have at his or her disposal. The ability not only to delineate a character in music, sometimes in the instrumental music even before they open their mouths to sing, but also the ability to somehow express different emotional states of that character in the course of the opera. So to give an example of a contrast of emotional states; the duet that follows the death of the Commendatore, his daughter Donna Anna is quite understandably upset and agitated. Her betroved Don Ottavio is much more in control and in their music you hear their emotional states she is agitated and he is calmer. Heres what they sound like in their duet: Track 1 You dont have to understand what theyre singing in Italian to realize that shes agitated and hes calmer because you hear it reflected in what they sing. If you talk about the expression of powerful emotions in music, which is something that also matters here. To begin with one thing you should know about Mozart, is that he was very much a man of the classic period; in which elegance, balance, restraint and proportion were the stock and trade of the composer. This also extended to his representation of strong emotions. Theres a famous letter that he writes to his father, when he is composing his first Viennese stage work The abduction from the soraleo in which there is a surly gate keeper at the poshes palace whose name is Ozmide, he has an aria of rage directed at a man whos trying to rescue his girlfriend form the heron and Mozart writing to his father says yes the emotions that are expressed here are extreme, but the music must never lose itself Thats one thing you have to recognise, there will be later operatic composers who will go over the top with their music, when the emotions go over the top, but the musical range within whic h Mozart operates, suggests that even at the most extreme, emotions never lose the propriety of the music that is expressing them. The musical range is different from what you might encounter in Wagner or in Twentieth century but Mozart knows exactly what hes doing and the shading of these levels is what its all about. Now in act two of Don Giovanni its Don Ottavio who swears vengeance for the death of the Commendatore he sings the aria il mio tesoro the text begins go and console my treasure and try to dry the tears from her lovely eyes. I mention this aria because I want you to hear a little of what many consider to be the finest recording of it ever made, which is interesting because it was recorded in 1916 by the great Irish tenor John McCormack: Track 2 Weve really set the stage now for what I mentioned earlier about the juxtaposition of the tragic and the comic elements. After the duet you heard earlier, Don Giovanni and Leperello (Dons Servant) return to the stage and we return to the Opera Buffa style. Donna Elvira then sings a very serious and dramatic aria, its important to note that in every aria except this one by Donna Elvira, the singer is addressing someone else on the stage. This makes her aria the operatic equivalent of a dramatic soliloquy. It is intense, and yet the intensity is undercut by the fact that the fact that Don Giovanni and Leperello are off to the side of the stage eavesdropping and making comments about what she has to say: Track 3 What makes this convention even more elegant is that the places where Don Giovanni and Leperello are making their side comments are exactly the places where you would normally have an orchestral refrain punctuating what shes saying. So hes using the conventional form, but hes twisting it slightly which again undercuts the dramatic intensity. Now back to the original play by Tirso de Molina, if you take a look at that you find that at the end Don Juan with his dying breath says that Elvira is virgo intacta (a virgin) which makes her the only woman in the original play who gets through untouched. In Da Pontes libretto though, things are very different. As a matter of fact another recurring theme in the critical analyses of this opera is; overwhelming lack of success on behalf of the title character. Legendary loverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.wheres it happening? Heres a compilation of comments on this subject made through the years: 1924 The action portrays anything but a successful sexual adventurer 1867 The cheerful tone that runs through the whole opera depends chiefly on the repulses with which the hero is continually made on the field of the heroic deeds 1954 Of all the Don Juans of literature and of drama, that of Da Ponte is professionally the most futile Irvin Singer You can understand Don Giovanni as a professional Athlete with a very high batting average. That he encounters frustrations within the opera, simple shows how difficult the sport is 1967 Every time Don Giovanni is absent from the stage you should consider a conquest is taking place. We are accustomed to crime detection in prose; this is sin detection with all the major clues in the music and plenty of others in the Italian It would seem like the last authors interpretation is at odds with the intentions of our librettist Mr. Da Ponte, I say that because in that libretto that Giovanni Bertati wrote for Gazzaniga the conquests are explicit and overt. Lorenzo da Ponte decides that he will tone down the obviousness of the amorous conquests in his version of the story. We believe in his seductive powers by virtue of what he says and how he sings it, which of course is what opera is all about. The duet la ci darem la mano is an example of Don Giovannis seductive capabilities: Track 4 A man named Edward Dent (Who wrote a famous book on Mozart Operas) he says After Don Giovanni himself, by far the most interesting character would be Donna Elvira One of her finest moments is very interesting musically because it is Mozart specifically stepping out of the style of his time and stepping back to the style of Handel. Often you would find a composer in any period to be somewhat conservative in their musical style if theyre writing sacred music; the idea of reaching back and evoking a certain timelessness and archaic quality that serves the text. Well here were in the course of an opera, but its clear that he probably wants to make this come across like a sermon because what shes singing is flea the traitor, dont listen to what he says, his lips are lying ones, his eyes deceiving and he crafts it in the style of a Handel aria: Track 5 And then just another indication of the music variety you find here a very simple tune Batti Batti (Beat me, beat me) is rendered less trivial by an obligato solo cello: Track 6 The effectiveness of that cello leads us into the whole question of orchestral colour. When we think of the drama and the power of Mozarts music the first thing of course that comes to mind of course is melody, the most inescapable part of an operas score. But then theres the harmony which we sometimes dont think about as much as the melody but also exerts a powerful influence, but also orchestration; the use of varying colours in varying situations, which even if were not thinking about consciously exerts a very powerful subliminal effect on us. Heres a very nice example; orchestral colour used to literally paint an island of repose in the trio proteggia if giusto cielo (may just heaven protect my determined heart) the strings drop out and the singers are accompanied only by the winds. You can really get the sense that you are somewhere else: Track 7 But the most important instrumental point of interest has to do with trombones. In Mozarts time, trombones generally belonged to church music and not to the theatre. As far as their use in symphonic music it is not until Beethovens fifth symphony (twenty one years later) that the trombone made its first appearance in a symphony. So to put yourself in the shoes of the Prague audience I know trombones but I think of them as belonging to the church so how does he use them here? Mozart associates them with the statue of the commendatore, the statue that is going to come to life, and when it comes to life in the graveyard scene thats when the trombones appear. You can be sure the audience in those days were terrified: Track 8 And when the statue comes to Don Giovannis banquet he brings his trombones: Track 9 When the statue that has come to life shows up with his trombones, the music is not new to us because weve already heard it in the overture, and what is very, very significant about this; it is the only time in Mozarts entire operatic career that he writes an overture that begins with a slow introduction. The obvious reason why he does it in this case is because he wants to give us a taste of that terrifying music at the very beginning: Track 10 Its interesting to note that the night before the premiere of Don Giovanni; Mozart had to stay up all night to write the overture which according to a member of his orchestra had not even been sketched! Another wonderful point of interest, a very famous passage in Don Giovanni, which is a reflection of Mozarts experience writing dance music for the ballrooms of imperial Vienna that is where he simultaneously gives us three different dances representing three different levels of society. Mozart who we all know could work things out in his head and spew it out on the paper without effort actually made sketches for this, it was something he actually had to think about. Its the same effect that Charles Ives is going to create somewhat later. The idea of standing in a certain place with different ensembles playing, you hear them simultaneously and the soundscape is the composite of three different elements. This is what it sounds like in Don Giovanni: Track 11 Now thats simultaneous combination, Id like to also tell you about a kind of consecutive juxtaposition of things which is very interesting, it represents a little of the in humour of whats going on here; we are almost at the end of the opera, and were in the banquet hall of Don Giovanni whose own personal orchestra is playing. The first tune they play is the act one finale of Martin y Solers (one of Mozart contemporaries, and another composer asking Da Ponte for a liberetto) opera Una cosa rara so youll hear the acknowledgement of cosa rara: Track 12 Then they play an excerpt from an opera of another one of his contemporaries named i due littiganti by Sarti. Leperello cheers the selection, Don Giovanni simply tells him to pour more wine: Track 13 There is a basic rule of humour or comedy writing that is; set up, set up and punch line, Mozart knows how to do that! We have something by Martin, something by Sarti, the third thing that Don Giovannis orchestra plays is non piu andrai from the Marriage of Figaro. Now of course every single person in that audience in Prague would have immediately recognised it from the first few notes because as we know these were the tunes to which they were singing, whistling, humming, dancing etc. these were the tunes that took over Prague before Don Giovanni! How does Leperello respond he says I know that tune troppo (too well): Track 14 Since Ive already given away the ending of the opera, I will play some of the music that accompanies Don Giovannis descent into hell.through a trap door in the stage, which is a lesson to all of us to beware of trap doors in stages, because you know where they lead! Again with orchestral effects and an offstage chorus, it absolutely terrified the audiences of Mozarts time: Track 15 Theres a famous story told of a somewhat out of shape Don who got stuck in the trap door on the way down, and no matter what he did, he couldnt push himself either way, at which point someone in the audience yelled out Hurray boys, hells full! Id like to close by posing and answering a question, obvious in the light of the history that Ive provided you with, and that is; after it was performed in Prague, how did Don Giovanni fair in Vienna? Well seven months after the triumphant performances in Prague, it premiered in Vienna, but unfortunately the reception was somewhat cool. The Emperor said to Da Ponte The opera is divine, I would even venture that it is more beautiful that Figaro but such music is not meat to the teeth of my Viennese and the story goes that Da Ponte relayed this message back to Mozart and his reply was well let them chew on it. So Happy Chewing!

Passion :: essays research papers

â€Å"Florida State University, here we come!† Fort Lauderdale to Tallahassee, what a trip! On the road again†¦blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, on the road again, that damn song always in my head when we’re going on a long bus ride. I should figure out the words in between, but I’m always too lazy. Now that I think about it, I still have two cases to write if I want debate. Mr. Wakefield would kill me if he knew I’m going to a huge state tournament unprepared. I’m not worried, I’ll do it after the first stop†¦I’m tired now anyways. I’ll just take a little nap. I woke up because of all the noise†¦we’re at the first stop. It’s been four hours?! I’m still tired, so, I put my head back again. Once again, I woke up because of the noise†¦we’re at the second stop now. I slept through another four hours, I can’t believe it, and I didn’t get anything done! I’m not worried , I’ll write my cases after this stop†¦ I’m hungry anyways. So, I ate a bunch of snacks, listened to my Walkman, and went back to the bus. I’m just going to relax right now; my head hurts and my stomach is full. Here we are, Tallahassee, Florida! It’s okay, I’m not worried, once we eat dinner and settle in our hotel rooms, I’ll write my cases. So, we eat dinner, get our rooms, unpack, and now I’m way too tired to write my cases†¦ I’ll write before the tournament tomorrow. The tournament is about to start and I still don’t have any cases ready†¦it’s okay; I can write it before my rounds. I look over to the side and see someone posting the rounds up. All right, rounds are going to start in fifteen minutes and I don’t have my cases ready – okay, now it is time to panic! Well, I always said I work better under pressure†¦obviously, a lot of pressure. I sit down and I’m writing as fast as I possibly can. Wow, so many ideas†¦my hand can’t keep up! I can smell the smoke coming from the pencil grinding on my notepad. I can hear myself rooting for myself†¦go, go, go, go, Usilia you’re awesome! Okay, it’s time to go to my round, so I plot my butt down next to the door and continue writing. When my opponent gets there, I tilt my notepad so he doesn’t see what I’m writing.

Balance Sheets for the four quarters Essay

To evaluate how I utilized both budgets and pro-formas to ensure the adequacy of funds for providing production capacity that was needed to achieve the businesses goals. I want to first start with the definition of both pro-forma and budget; A budget is a basic idea that covers more than a few areas, all in all it’s a financial plan that is made to control costs for operations and results. It can be expressed in a multitude of numerical terms, it also can cover a certain period of time, short, intermediate and long term goals. A pro-forma is also a financial statement but it is prepared based upon assumptions of specific events and transactions that will hopefully occur in the Future, so basically a projected estimate using historical data to form a hypothesis of A financial outcome. The importance of both the pro-forma and budget were huge. Knowing going into the simulation how much seed money was going to be issued and how much additional money was coming in future investments, gave me an idea of how aggressive or conservative I could be. I was able to to set with an initial idea of how much I could spend for each factor needed moving forward. I was able to understand how much to market, how much to hire and how much I could afford for each of these tasks, as well as how much was coming into pay for future marketing and hires. Without advertising there are no customers, without a good sales and service staff there are no sales, or an ability to take care of the customer. In the opening quarter of the company I had a 2 million dollar start-up fund. My upfront expenses were approximately $530,000. I also chose to invest in a 3 month CD about $880,000, I made sure in my first endeavor to keep money available and not to over indulge. I took similar approaches going into each additional quarter; thereafter I wouldreview what was spent and estimate what was coming in and at that point I would hire more employees, adjust and raise benefits and increase marketing. My sales force and marketing expenses doubled from quarter two to quarter three and rose another 49 percent from quarter three to quarter four. These two factors in my opinion are the biggest of a profitable company, as sales and marketing grow and increase your company will thrive. At the end of each quarter I would review the results in these areas and make assessments on how much additional advertising I needed based upon sales numbers of the individual computers Mercedes and the Traveler. Based upon production and the competition I would review to see if I was going to increase the sales force and the compensation plan. The overall outcome of both areas had my company in NWL as the top employers at 83 out of a maximum 84 Score; also in regards to marketing effectiveness in NWL my company had a 92 out of a 97 maximum Score that’s how I used the budget and pro-forma to help NWL achieve its goals. B.2. To evaluate how I employed Just In Time or JIT and Lean Operations to improve operating efficiency in my manufacturing facility, again as part of moving forward I want to define these two strategies before I explain how I use them. A) Just In Time or JIT is a production strategies to improve a business return on investment ROI by reducing in-process inventory as well as the associated carrying cost. This is done by only receiving goods as they are needed in the overall process, this helps cut overall inventory costs. B) Lean Operations simply supplies a customer with exactly what the customer needs when and only when the customer wants it without waste with this constant improvement, the emphasis and focus is on understanding the customer. Both JIT and Lean Operations can help with the overall increase of return on investment or ROI. In regards to how my simulation for NWL worked with these strategies, I would say in NWL ran overly Lean to a fault. I ran my operation capacity at 65 and my fixed capacity at 75 which was the second lowest of my competitors on both accounts. This was a huge negative for my company since it cost me over 2100 in lost sales. This would have increased my sales by approximately 33 percent which would have lowered the overall production costs and increase profits. I finished number 2 in sales with thehighest average price of computer. With a 33 percent increase in sales had I run a better production operation I would have had a lager profitability for a already profitable simulation. I did not key into the right places when I reviewed the early production numbers which cost me when it came to changing Operating and Fixed Capacities. I was overly cautious and my end result was indicative of this and caused big loses for NWL. B.3. Work Cells vs Traditional Straight Line Production. A Work Cell is defined to be a arrangement of machines and personnel that focuses on making a single product or family related products. Traditional Straight Line Production Is the standard assembly line style of manufacturing. Work may start in one department until that phase is complete. Then the product moves onto the next department for the next phase and the next and so on. The major difference between the two is efficiency and cost differentials. In a work cell method there are a multitude of benefits, from a reduction in work area needed, speed of production completion and number of associates needed just to name a few. All of which are in line with the thought process of JIT and Lean Operations which in turn increases ROI (return on investment). Five distinct advantages in the work cell vs the assembly line (1)Tasks are grouped, therefore inspections can be immediate. (2)Fewer workers are needed because of cross training. (3)The workers can access more of the work area. (4)Work areas are more efficiently balanced. (5)Enhanced communication based upon the shape of the work cell. These advantages can help lead to fewer employees reaching higher production numbers. Which in the simulation could have led to smaller start-up companies making more cost efficient production goals happen along with how well a micro computer company could make a work cell arrangement payoff positively. B.4. Evaluation of decisions involving inventory management in the Marketplace Simulation Inventory is defined as raw materials, work-in-progress goods and completely finished goods that are considered to be the portion of the businesses assets that are ready or will be ready for sale. Inventory represents one of the most important assets that most companies possess, because the turnover of inventory represents one of the primary sources of revenue generation and subsequent earnings for the company. In the marketplace simulation NWL was not very successful at inventory management in the attempt to run Just-in-Time (JIT) and Lean Operations, I ended up with sold out product and a enormous loss in sales. The lost sales totaled 50 percent of the total sales, which meant there could have been an additional 33 percent positive sales increase if the inventory was managed properly. These were losses of 1000 Travelers units and 1103 Mercedes units, those totals losses of $3,312,730 in gross profit. That was based upon the final sales and not taking into account any production savings by the increased sales volume. That could have increased gross profit by a minimum of 47 percent, if I had it to do over again paying more attention to the inventories would have been a possible windfall. B.5. A continuous improvement program that could have been used to improve and achieve quality assurance goals could have been either Employee Empowerment or Bench-marking. Employee Empowerment involves employees in every step of the production process. Employee’s are on the front lines and know what is going on in every aspect and on all fronts. If employees find problems they can fix them or help fix them. Whom better in handling an issue then the ones most familiar with the process, if a shortcoming is found an experienced a periodic quality circle can address it. It’s been proven that most quality issues are either material or the process, it’s not usually the employee’s performance. If a Bench-marking program were to be implemented, the first step would be to established what the benchmark would be. Examples of which are; Percentage of Defects, Cost per unit processing time, Lost sales due to Out-of-Stocks and Customer Satisfaction Rates. If these type of factors were used in my situation, I would have used either Lost sales due to Out-of-Stocks or Customer Satisfaction Rates. mainly because I would have found out possibly a better way of keeping product in stock which could have reduced lost sales as well as a negative customer satisfaction due to no product. The benchmark team can find out what and how benchmark partners were doing to achieve their sales goals by tracking and keeping product stock, whereas to assure customer satisfaction. Then we could analyze the data from the partners and take the appropriate steps to move beyond and keep the process continually improving. C. Sources Investopedia (2013) A Division of ValueClick â€Å"www.investopedia.com†

Translation of Phraseological Units with Animal Names Essay Example

Translation of Phraseological Units with Animal Names Essay Example Translation of Phraseological Units with Animal Names Essay Translation of Phraseological Units with Animal Names Essay INTRODUCTION Phraseology is a study of set or fixed expressions, such as idioms, phrasal verbs, and other types of multi-word lexical units, in which the component parts of the expression take on a meaning more specific than or otherwise not predictable from the sum of their meanings when used independently. The classification of phraseological units can be different. According to Vinogradov, there are phraseological combinations, unities and fussions. The Koonin’s classification is the latest outstanding achievement in the Russian theory of phraseology. The classification is based on the combined structural semantic principle and it also considers the quotient of stability of phraseological units. It is represented by nominative phraseological units, nominative communicative phraseological units, phraseological units which are neither nominative nor communicative include interjectional word-groups and communicative phraseological units. My research is related to the phraseological units with zoonimical component and their semantic structure. Zoonims, that are used in our language, are really meaningful, they are directed to the allegorical characteristic, probably metaphorical and stylistically emphasized. The aim of this research is to explore deeper the given phraseological units. I have set such objectives: 1) to explicate a concept of phraseological unit with zoonimical component and to reveal the regularities of their usage; 2) to analyse their semantic and structural peculiarities. The methods investigation research strategy are as followed: 1) method of the system analysis, that is a study of the subject of the investigation as a totality of elements, that create a system; 2) descriptive method, that gives the full description of phraseological units. The object of my investigation is the phraseological units with zoonimical component. The subject is the expressive means of Modern English phraseological units. These means are the morphological, syntactical, phonetic and lexical peculiarities of these phraseological units. Theoretical and practical value of the research consists in that fact, that nowadays there is a small amount of investigations about phraseological units with zoonimical component. Besides, the researches in the area of phraseology have become popular in the last decades. The results of this study are also important for the translation, as the translator should know the peculiarities of different idioms, in this case with zoonimical component. Composition of the research paper: The research consists of the introduction, two chapters, that are theoretical and practical parts, the conclusion and the bibliography.

Free Essays on American Exceptionalism In The New World

American’s as a whole would like to think that the United States is the greatest nation on the planet, and for the most part we do. It has been driven into our heads, seen on television and cheered at sporting events. Whether or not this assumption is true, it is easy understood that Americans have an egotistical mindset as a whole. This â€Å"mindset† is often referred to as American Exceptionalism and its roots can be drawn from as far away as Europe and chronologically dates back to our nation’s birth. During the seventeenth century Europe was becoming a difficult and unattractive place to live for many of its inhabitants. Overcrowding of major cities, disease, and tyrannical rule allowed Europeans to dream of a better life, a life which would allow them to follow their religion and apply themselves for their own good and prosperity. Europe’s social order was the major concern for those looking to further themselves. Two groups usually formed Europe’s social order, this being the rich and poor. As the saying goes â€Å"the rich get richer and the poor get poorer†, leaving false hopes for those born in to a poverty stricken community. The law of the land was actually the law of the church leaving no separation between church and state, or government. Although this may sound quite confining for today’s citizens it was the norm not only in Europe but all over the world. As is human nature many non conformists were looking for something better, a place where they could attain a pure civilization removed from corruption and deception. A community where people were treated equally, could practice any religion, and further themselves with hard work and dedication. A new form of government was also a major concern to deserters of Europe. They no longer wanted a single monarch to control all aspects of their day to day lives. The idea of democratic rule had been brought forward by Montesquie, and was gaining popularity and under... Free Essays on American Exceptionalism In The New World Free Essays on American Exceptionalism In The New World American’s as a whole would like to think that the United States is the greatest nation on the planet, and for the most part we do. It has been driven into our heads, seen on television and cheered at sporting events. Whether or not this assumption is true, it is easy understood that Americans have an egotistical mindset as a whole. This â€Å"mindset† is often referred to as American Exceptionalism and its roots can be drawn from as far away as Europe and chronologically dates back to our nation’s birth. During the seventeenth century Europe was becoming a difficult and unattractive place to live for many of its inhabitants. Overcrowding of major cities, disease, and tyrannical rule allowed Europeans to dream of a better life, a life which would allow them to follow their religion and apply themselves for their own good and prosperity. Europe’s social order was the major concern for those looking to further themselves. Two groups usually formed Europe’s social order, this being the rich and poor. As the saying goes â€Å"the rich get richer and the poor get poorer†, leaving false hopes for those born in to a poverty stricken community. The law of the land was actually the law of the church leaving no separation between church and state, or government. Although this may sound quite confining for today’s citizens it was the norm not only in Europe but all over the world. As is human nature many non conformists were looking for something better, a place where they could attain a pure civilization removed from corruption and deception. A community where people were treated equally, could practice any religion, and further themselves with hard work and dedication. A new form of government was also a major concern to deserters of Europe. They no longer wanted a single monarch to control all aspects of their day to day lives. The idea of democratic rule had been brought forward by Montesquie, and was gaining popularity and under...

Fracking and water pollution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fracking and water pollution - Research Paper Example fracking fluid, comprising of common toxins and carcinogens such as uranium, lead, mercury, methanol, formaldehyde, hydrochloric acid, ethane glycol etc (Spellman, 2013). Waste water resulting from fracking usually has a lot of potentially poisonous chemicals from the fracking fluid and natural contaminants from very deep in the ground, comprising of totally dissolved solids (such as barium, salts and strontium)radioactive materials like Radium 226 as well as organic pollutants like toluene and benzene. About thirty to seventy percent of all the fluid utilised in fracking is likely to resurface, and thus requires treatment. In addition, fracking discharges â€Å"produced water† mainly from underground which also ascends onto the surface, and mostly can be somewhere from two to two hundred times as much water, something dependent on the water/gas/oil absorption in the shale configuration. It has been proved therefore beyond any reasonable doubt that waste water arising due to fracking has a lot of possibly dangerous chemicals that were used in the fracking liquid, in addition to deep underground natural contaminants (Spellman, 2013). For these contaminants and chemicals to be removed, all techniques of wastewater management (comprising of reuse, recycling as well as injecting into dumping wells) normally entail some kind of treatment. Eventually, wastewater can be pumped to treatment works that are publicly owned or rather to dedicated industrial or brine wastewater plants, also known as centralized waste treatment plants, which might also add precipitation and coagulation methods in removing of dissolved solids. All treatment techniques produce residuals-which basically are waste materials, mainly in sludge, liquid or solid form, that mostly stay after treatment. Because of public concerns regarding the huge volumes of water used in hydraulic drilling, gas and oil fracturing corporations have begun not only reusing but also recycling the wastewater (Spellman,

Brazil report Structure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Brazil report Structure - Essay Example Continuous success of the National Foods is supported due to the company's commitment to strong brand, many of which are category leaders, such as PURA Milk, Australia’s number 1 milk brand, Dairy Farmers, Berri, Yoplait, Dare, Big M and Farmers Union (National Foods Website, n.d.). However, the company is seeking alternative ways for its business expansion and is going to target Brazilian consumers. The basic idea is to produce dairy products at the territory of Australia, and then to export final goods directly to Brazil. The aim of the organization is to evaluate its business idea from few different perspectives and to understand the viability of this idea. The purpose of the report is to conduct a comprehensive research and analysis, aimed to provide timely and accurate information, relying upon which will enable the company to make a right decision, regarding to the Brazilian market. Thus, the report will analyze the political, legal, economic, socio-cultural, technologic al environment in Brazil and provide SWOT analysis for the National Foods. Clear understanding of both external and internal environments, National Foods will be enabled to make a right business decision and to develop appropriate entry/development strategy. 2.0 Political Environment 2.1 Government stability Brazil has a stable democratic political system (Ball, 2009). Political structure of Brazil is defined as the Federal Republic, which is currently ruled by a coalition (EDC, 2011). There are difficult relations between the legislature and the executive, between state and federal governments (EDC, 2011). In 2011, Dilma Rousseff took the President’s post in Brazil. Newly elect government will likely seek to differentiate its administration regarding the general policy. Even though there is still no clear understanding of what will be changed, it is unlikely to be investment and trade policy (EDC, 2011). 2.2 Government and contribution Former President Luiz Inacio Lula da Si lva has been promoting policies aimed at strengthening of the investment environment. Considering the issues of political stability, Brazil is very attractive country for the investment: it has no political enemies; there is no threat of terrorism or civil unrest (Ball, 2009). Both international and domestic markets have confidence in Brazil’s political system, due to the activity of Brazil’s democratic institutions (Ball, 2009). 2.3 Analysis Brazil and Australia are the countries that cooperate multilaterally on issues of mutual interest, including agricultural trade reform in the World Trade Organization (Australian Government, 2011). In 2001, there was established a Council on Australia Latin America Relations (COALAR); COALAR has been active in promoting Latin America as a market for Australian exporters (Australian Government, 2011). Additionally, Brazilian and Australian foreign and trade policy interests coincide in several significant areas. This friendly relat ionship between two countries and cooperation in agricultural sector can favourably impact the National Foods business development in Brazil. 3.0 Legal Environment 3.1 Regulatory framework Brazil has a commercial legal system, which consists of the Commercial Code. By the Commercial Code there are governed the majority of aspects of commercial association (FDI, n.d.). However, this does not relate to professional services category, which is governed by the Civil Code (FDI, n.d.). 3.2 Business laws Brazil has import restrictions on